2009-2010 Annual Review

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Annual Review Objective:
With this Annual Review, the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) presents the results it achieved in 2009–2010 to the Department of Canadian Heritage, CCI clients and partners in Canada and around the world, and the Canadian public.

CCI's Mission
Through its expertise in conservation science, treatment, and preventive conservation, CCI supports the heritage community in conserving Canada's heritage collections so they may be accessible to present and future generations.

To achieve its mission, CCI organizes its operations under three business lines:

• research and development in conservation, including scientific research, advanced techniques for treatment and restoration, and practical and innovative solutions for caring for collections
• equitable provision of expert services to the heritage community in Canada, including scientific analysis, treatment, and advisory services that meet the community's needs and complement the services available from the private sector
• dissemination of conservation knowledge, through training, professional development, online learning materials, and publications, to assist professionals, workers, and volunteers in the heritage community in making informed decisions about conservation

MESSAGE FROM MINISTER

As Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages, I am pleased to present the 2009–2010 Annual Review for the Canadian Conservation Institute. This report provides a detailed overview of the Institute's main activities. It demonstrates how its services help meet the needs of the heritage community throughout Canada.

This community — including museums, art galleries, archives, and historic sites — is responsible for protecting, restoring, displaying, and transporting our cultural and historic treasures to make them accessible for current and future generations.

The Institute's mission is to support the heritage community in its efforts to conserve and preserve our collections. It has earned an international reputation as a specialist in the practice, science, and technology of conservation.

I would like to congratulate the Institute and everyone who believes in the importance of highlighting our heritage and history. Through your work, you are paying tribute to those Canadians who, over the centuries, have shaped our history and forged our identity.

The Honourable James Moore

DIRECTOR GENERAL'S MESSAGE

Each year, I welcome the opportunity to look back at the accomplishments of CCI, and to share them with our clients, partners, and Canadians in general. As the main contributor to the objectives of the Department of Canadian Heritage in the area of heritage preservation, CCI achieved several concrete results in 2009–2010.

We continued to develop environmental guidelines to help museums care for their collections and reduce the energy costs of display and storage. Evidence that our environmental research is of use to museums, even in faraway places, came from a museum in Australia. This museum reported that, by following the Environmental Guidelines for Museums—Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) posted on the CCI website in 2009, the museum reduced its annual consumption of gas by 32% and electricity by 18%.

As part of the Department of Canadian Heritage, we strengthened our work with several heritage programs, most notably the Movable Cultural Property Program, the Canada Travelling Exhibitions Indemnification Program, and the Canada Cultural Spaces Fund. Our preservation advisors assessed the environmental, fire suppression, and security systems of several museums across Canada, and provided advice on the design of new facilities and of upgrades to existing facilities. Our goal in sharing our technical expertise with museums is to reduce the chance of costly mistakes or omissions and to maximize the benefits of Government of Canada investments in heritage facilities across Canada. 

Notably, we made several major contributions to the preservation of Aboriginal heritage. Projects included recording the condition of in situ totem poles, teaching a workshop on care of totem poles to both museum staff and representatives of Aboriginal communities, and working with Library and Archives Canada to establish the physical condition of some original signed treaties, dated 1876 to 1906, between the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and the Canadian government.

In the area of information dissemination, we began to move away from print publications to distribute more information and tools on the CCI website. With the added information, the website registered 178,085 unique visitors and a 40% increase in e-Services clients. Also, as part of this initiative, we discontinued sales of printed copies of CCI Notes and posted them on our website so they would be available to all Canadian and foreign clients free of charge.

All of us at CCI continue to look for ways to improve our services, strengthen our research, and expand efforts to help build the capacity of museum workers, conservation professionals, and museum management in Canada. We are looking forward to the results of an evaluation of CCI in 2010–2011 that is being undertaken by the Department of Canadian Heritage. The evaluation will examine the relevance and performance of CCI from 2003–2004 to 2008–2009 and will help us improve our support to the museum community.

Jeanne E. Inch
Director General and Chief Operating Officer, CCI

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Performance in 2009–2010

Activities – outputs:
Forty-four projects were active in Foundation Research, Applied Research, and Collection Preservation Research; 60 partners (50 Canadian and 10 foreign) contributed to CCI research and development projects.

Foundation Research: 5%
Applied Research: 81%
Collection Preservation Research: 14%

Performance indicators:

Indicator	Results in 2009–2010
Canadian and international community has access to the results of CCI research and development activities	19 scientific and technical articles authored by CCI staff were published externally 3 articles in Canadian publications 16 articles in publications outside Canada
	26 scientific and technical presentations were given to professional conservation audiences 15 presentations at Canadian conferences / educational institutions 11 presentations at international conferences / educational institutions
	47 citations of CCI publications were made in periodicals and 72 citations of CCI staff in monographs

Research and development highlights

Isoperms: CCI scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding isoperms, which are a means of expressing the permanence of a material such as a film or paper under specific climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity). They are helpful in selecting the appropriate conditions to preserve documents and can be pivotal in balancing the cost versus benefit of various interior environmental conditions or standards for museums and archives. Until recently, isoperms were based on some simple assumptions. However, CCI scientists David Grattan and Tom Strang developed a rigorous mathematical treatment of the isoperm equation that has been supported by experimental evidence (“Temperature and Humidity Considerations for the Preservation of Organic Collections — The Isoperm Revisited” by Tom Strang and David Grattan, e-PRESERVATIONScience, 2009, Vol. 6, pp. 122–128. The data and results with this approach will provide more accurate calculations for many organic materials including textiles, paper, photographs, and ethnographic collections. CCI is developing various online tools that incorporate this approach. 

ASHRAE and carbonyls: CCI scientists continue to work on guidelines for the museum environment, including one that is in dispute — the safe level of pollutants. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is the most influential standards-setting body for interior climatic control. It provides guidelines for the internal environment of any type of commercial building, including museums and archives. CCI has contributed to developing the guidelines and uses them as the basis for its advice to Canadian institutions (Environmental Guidelines for Museums—Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH). Regarding the acceptable level for pollutants, CCI is collaborating with the Centre de Recherche sur la conservation des collections in Paris to establish the base level for carbonyl-containing pollutants such as formaldehyde or acetic acid. Initial results show that carbonyls have no effect on the rate at which paper ages, although they may pose serious health hazards for humans. This work will ultimately influence the wording of the ASHRAE guidelines and will be helpful to the museum community in many ways.

Hyperspectral imaging: CCI collaborated with the University of Winnipeg in the assessment of a satellite imaging technique called “hyperspectral imaging” (HSI), which can amplify subtle visual changes so that they can be made measurable and quantifiable. This technique was used to measure the discoloration and staining of documents from Library and Archives Canada, and allowed us to demonstrate the migrations and fading of iron gall ink on the James Bay Treaty #9 (on parchment), an Adhesion to Treaty #6 (on paper), as well as on a Haggadah (a Jewish prayer book). HSI was also employed in CCI's iron gall ink project to help evaluate various conservation treatments and the effects of artificial aging. The results showed in striking detail the ability of some treatments to protect paper from the deteriorative effects of the ink. We have learned that HSI holds extraordinary promise as an imaging and image analysis technique that will find many applications in conservation.

KUDOS CORNER

I was very impressed by the quality of your research centre, which combines both scientific research and restoration experience under one roof.
Conservator-curator, France

I very much appreciated your response to my query regarding climate control (…). I found all the information very helpful, and easy to understand. I feel confident now, that we are on the right track towards achieving reasonable climate control for our heritage building after reading your report.
President, provincial historical society

EXPERT SERVICES
Performance in 2009–2010

Activities – outputs:
CCI expert services staff completed 576 transactions with clients, of which 80% were for Conservation and Treatment, Preventive Conservation, and Scientific Analysis services. The other services included equipment loans, simple evaluations, scans, photography, etc.

Conservation and Treatment: 32%
Preventive Conservation: 15%
Scientific Analysis: 33%
Other Professional Services: 20%

Performance indicators:

Indicator	Results in 2009–2010
CCI expert services are used by heritage institutions to preserve their collections	216 expert services were used for collections and objects preservation
Heritage institutions use CCI expert services to preserve their collections	150 institutions received 216 expert services to preserve collections and objects
Heritage collections and objects whose preservation is supported by CCI expert services	178 collections and/or objects benefited from expert services 2 collections were assessed and analysed 36 heritage facilities were evaluated 64 artifacts were analysed 114 artifacts were treated
Overall Client Satisfaction index	98% for the 10 service standards criteria, the index of satisfaction varied from 96% to 100% 32% of CCI clients responded to the satisfaction survey

Expert services highlights

Six 19th-century photographs: The 1850s was a transitional period between salted paper prints (no image carrier) and albumen prints (in which the silver image particles are contained in a superficial film of egg albumen). Although the six photographs from the National Gallery of Canada (NGC), Ottawa, Ontario had been described as salted paper prints, CCI's analysis concluded that they were actually albumen prints. The correct identification was incorporated into NGC's exhibition of 19th-century French photographs.

Victorian sewing table: A team of furniture conservators treated a burled walnut-veneered Victorian sewing table that had been severely damaged in a fire. Originally owned by Lady Billings, the table now belongs to The Billings Estate Museum, a designated National Historic Site in Ottawa, Ontario. Very little information is available regarding the treatment of charred wood, and the team developed a method for resin impregnation of localized areas. Photography was used to reveal original details and a marquetry chevalet was constructed in the CCI Furniture lab to reproduce, using traditional techniques, the decorative elements revealed through the photographs. This chevalet was featured in Lee Valley's Woodworking Newsletter (Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2010).

Heritage interiors: CCI provided expert conservation advice on the seismic stabilization and conservation of a heritage mosaic on the cross-vaulted ceiling in the lobby of the Wellington Building in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. The mosaic mural, executed by Barry Faulkner in 1929, is a defining element in the former Metropolitan Life Insurance Company headquarters. CCI advised on its protection during the demolition and reconstruction of the adjacent 1950s wing, a project that will be ongoing until 2016. The clients were Public Works and Government Services Canada, the general contractor, and heritage architects.

Photographic montage: CCI treated Newfoundland Heroes, a photographic montage in the collection of The Rooms Provincial Archives, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. This montage comprises a watercolour and 48 small photographic portraits of soldiers (the first members of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment) who died at the Battle of Gallipoli in Turkey in 1916 — a military disaster that turned the tide of World War I in favour of the British forces and forged the identity of Newfoundlanders as a people who influenced world events by their actions. Following treatment, CCI returned the montage to the client and presented a public lecture and workshop on its conservation.

Risk management services: A team of preservation advisors and scientists from CCI carried out a comprehensive risk assessment for Glanmore National Historic Site, in Belleville, Ontario. Built in 1882–1883, Glanmore is now a historic house/community museum that preserves a historic building and related period collections. The CCI team inspected and documented the site, and held discussions with staff. They analysed and evaluated risks using the CCI Collection Risk Assessment Database; explored options to reduce risks and analysed them for cost-effectiveness; and produced a report outlining priority risks and recommendations for risk reduction for Glanmore staff (who have already identified ways of using this information to support preservation projects). This was a pilot project, and provided an opportunity for CCI staff to develop approaches for estimating and comparing the magnitude of a variety of risks as well as the cost-effectiveness of corrective measures. These approaches will be developed more fully through future pilot projects, and eventually CCI staff will be positioned to provide collections preservation advice from a risk management perspective to Canadian museums, art galleries, and archives.

Plug In Gallery: CCI preservation services staff assisted the local design team for the Plug In Gallery, part of The Plug In Institute of Contemporary Art in Winnipeg, Manitoba that is being built as a partnership with the University of Manitoba. The new facility is a purpose-built space that includes four exhibition areas, an archives and library space, and suitable facilities for on-site exhibit preparation and storage. The Government of Canada provided funding of $1.4 million under the Canada Cultural Spaces Fund, formerly known as Cultural Spaces Canada. CCI advised on all technical aspects of the facility, from layout to mechanical system integration, through site visits as well as design and plan reviews.

KUDOS CORNER

The pair of Spadina side chairs was just returned to Collections and Conservation and they look great! The repairs are wonderful and the finish overall is just what I hoped for.
Community Cultural Coordinator, Municipality

Thank you for the restored Vestry Book. I would formally like to thank you and your staff for preserving a valuable part of our Parish history. The task you have performed must have indeed been very time consuming and delicate in the extreme.
Reverend, Congregation

KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION — LEARNING PROGRAMS
Performance in 2009–2010

Activities - outputs:
CCI conducted 24 learning events (23 in Canada; 1 in the United States). There were 411 participants (381 from Canada; 30 from nine other countries) in CCI learning programs, including internships and mid-career development programs.

Performance indicators:                

Indicator	Results in 2009–2010
Heritage institutions and heritage workers improved their professional knowledge, skills, and practices	75% of participants answered the training evaluation survey 100% of them reported improvement
Canadian and international heritage institutions and workers took part in CCI learning opportunities	35 heritage institutions benefited from CCI learning programs 31 in Canada 4 in other countries 411 individuals participated in CCI learning programs 381 from Canada 30 from other countries

Regional workshops in Canada: Three hundred and thirty-five (335) Canadian participants from nine provinces and two territories attended 20 regional workshops offered by CCI. This represents a 27% increase in participation from last year. The most popular workshops were:

• Emergency and Disaster Preparedness for Cultural Institutions
• Packing and Shipping Cultural Property

Percentage of CCI workshop participants from each province-territory:
British Columbia (5%)
Alberta (9%)
Saskatchewan (0.5%)
Manitoba (5%)
Ontario (44%)
Quebec (9%)
New Brunswick (9%)
Nova Scotia (4%)
Prince Edward Island (1%)
Newfoundland and Labrador (8%)
Northwest Territories (0.5%)
Yukon (5%)

Advanced professional development workshops: CCI offered three advanced professional development workshops.

• Archaeological Conservation: Specialized Techniques and Research for Wet Objects dealt with the research, analysis, and treatment of wet organic materials and iron/wood composites. Also included were updates on current CCI research projects and a review of conservation procedures for baleen. Fifteen participants (from Canada, the United States, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Algeria, and Portugal) attended the 4-day event.
• Key Issues in Emergency Preparedness and Response focused on getting and maintaining buy-in from museum management and staff; building teams, networks, and local response capability; managing and coordinating emergency response; business continuity planning; and the importance of communication, ongoing training, and readiness. Twenty-one individuals attended the 4-day program, representing museums, libraries, and archives in seven provinces and territories in Canada as well as New Zealand, Germany, and Spain.
• Caring for Totem Poles covered indoor and outdoor display of poles and cultural considerations that encourage, or limit, treatment of poles. Also included was a detailed, systematic approach to assessment, planning, documentation, and hands-on maintenance and treatment of poles. This 4-day workshop was delivered in partnership with Parks Canada and the U'mista Cultural Centre in Alert Bay, British Columbia. Half of the 20 participants were from First Nations communities in British Columbia and the Yukon, and the others came from museums in Canada, Germany, and the United States.

Visiting Professionals program: CCI welcomed its first Visiting Professional in Conservation Research — a retired scientist from the National Research Council who is developing electrochemical test procedures for corroding lead. Other work includes collaboration with a CCI intern (an archaeology conservator from Germany) on a paper about the removal of zinc soaps from brass beads on a mid-19th-century Northern Plains beaded belt from the McCord Museum of Canadian History in Montreal, Quebec.

Internships: CCI hired five Canadian conservation interns (one each in Preservation Services, Fine Arts, Textiles, Archaeology, and Objects) for 1-year terms. In addition, two former interns continued working part-time, one in the Furniture lab through the Federal Student Work Experience Program (FSWEP) and the other in the Archaeology lab through the Federal Public Sector Youth Internship Program.

An unpaid curriculum intern from the Akademie Der Bildenden Künst Vien came to CCI for a 4-month internship in Fine Arts to improve her knowledge of Canadian conservation materials and treatment methods. Her primary project was La flagellation du Christ by frère Luc, a significant 17th-century Baroque painter of the régime français in Québec.

CCI also welcomed two students as interns.

• The first was from the Université de Paris 1 Pantéon-Sorbonne Maîtrise de sciences et techniques (M.S.T.) Conservation - Restauration des biens culturels. She worked in the Archaeology lab treating objects that provide clues to the prehistoric migration of the Thule peoples from Alaska to Resolute Bay in Canada's High Arctic.

• The second, from the Cooperative Program in Biochemistry at the University of Waterloo, started an 8-month internship in the Analytical Research Laboratory, contributing to several projects including research on the characterization of artificial stone.

Fellowships: CCI benefited from the presence of two Canadian Government Laboratory Visiting Fellows.

• A graduate of Queen's University in Kingston and Imperial College London continued the project he began in 2008–2009 to build risk assessment models for CCI's website. He is also working on the thermo-mechanical response of canvas paintings.
• A graduate of McGill University, the Università degli Studi di Bologna, and the Università degli Studi di Perugia (as part of the conservation science program EPISCON) joined CCI in 2009–2010 to work on a newly acquired Raman microscope in the Analytical Research Laboratory.

KUDOS CORNER

These workshops have been very successful in past years and I look forward to this one building on those.
Partner in organizing and delivering the Totem workshop,
Federal Government Agency

Thank you for accepting (student name) as an intern in your conservation laboratory in 2009–2010. We are grateful to the internship supervisors for their vital role in this educational process. We appreciated your thoughtful feedback on the internship.
University Chair and Director, Conservation Program

KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION — PUBLICATIONS AND WEB DOCUMENTS
Performance in 2009–2010

Activities - outputs:

Publications: 2,897 CCI publications were distributed in Canada (34%) and abroad (66%). The three most popular publications were:

1. Framework for the Preservation of Museum Collections Wall Chart
2. Mount-making for Museums Objects, Second Edition
3. Combatting Pests of Cultural Property (Technical Bulletin 29)

Library Services: Library staff handled 746 requests for service from external clients:

• 404 books were loaned
• 187 articles were distributed
• 155 reference questions were answered

CCI website: There were 178,085 unique visitors to CCI's main website, of which 142,468 hit on the learning materials designed for the heritage community; 2,355 documents were viewed with the top three being:

1. Preservation Framework
2. Recognizing Metals and their Corrosion Products
3. Environmental Guidelines for Museums — Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH)

Preserving my Heritage website: There were 89,874 unique visitors to these online learning materials designed for the general public and used to train museum volunteers; 403 documents were viewed with the top three being:

1. How to Care for: Paper Documents and Newspaper Clippings
2. How to Care for: Wooden Furniture
3. How to Care for: Books

Performance indicators:

Indicator	Results in 2009–2010
Heritage institutions and heritage workers improved their professional knowledge, skills, and practices	308 visitors to the CCI website answered the online materials evaluation survey 100% of them reported improvement
Canadian and international heritage institutions and workers used CCI's learning opportunities	487 visitors to the CCI website downloaded learning materials

KUDOS CORNER

Just a note for the information you sent regarding interior airborne pollutants. It has been very helpful in getting some grasp of the subject, which seems somewhat daunting in scope.
Conservator, Museum, Ontario

I find the Conservation Resource Centre on the CCI website very informative and helpful and refer colleagues and allied professionals to it all the time.
Director of Preservation and Conservation, Museum, USA

CORPORATE INITIATIVES
Performance in 2009–2010

Doors Open Ottawa: On Saturday, June 6, 2009, CCI participated for the first time in Doors Open Ottawa, which is the City of Ottawa's largest architectural and heritage event. More than 200 individuals visited CCI's conservation and scientific labs, normally closed to the public, and learned how artifacts and works of art are conserved and how science and technology are applied to the preservation of cultural heritage. Featured items included a chair used by Ottawa mayors from 1876 to 1903 from the Bytown Museum, a technical study on the materials and techniques of Tom Thomson, and a Thule child's parka from Hall Beach, Nunavut.

NewScientist: A CCI expert on electronic media was quoted on the longevity and predicted lifetimes of CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, flash media, hard drives, etc., and on CCI's media research projects. The interview appears on p. 37 of “Digital Doomsday: The End of Knowledge” by Tom Simonite and Michael Lepage (NewScientist, Issue Number 2745, January 30, 2010, pp. 36–39).

REFLECTIONS on Conservation: CCI's new annual magazine was sent to more than 3,000 clients and partners in Canada and internationally and distributed at trade shows, outreach events, and corporate initiatives. The magazine uses the work of CCI to present developments in conservation and scientific research and their impact on the conservation and heritage community. The title reflects the diverse and multidisciplinary nature of conservation and the external environment in which this profession functions.

e-Services: The e-Services client database increased by 40%, with 641 new clients joining the 1,601 clients who had already registered since e-Services was launched in 2007. Of the 2,242 registered users, 86% are from Canada and 24% are from other countries. Since 2007–2008, the Canadian client base has grown by 37% and the foreign client base by 39%.

CCI e-News: Nine hundred and ninety (990) new clients registered for CCI e-News. The distribution list now comprises 7,232 clients, of which 42% are from Canada and 58% are from other countries.

Client Services: CCI staff responded by telephone or e-mail to 984 requests for information, of which 522 were for scientific and/or technical advice.

CCI Notes: CCI Notes were first posted on the CCI website in 2007. At that time they were restricted to the e-Services section of the site, where they were available free to registered clients from Canada and for a nominal fee to foreign clients. In 2009–2010, CCI Notes were posted on the website outside of e-Services so that all clients — Canadian and foreign — could have free and immediate access.

Human resources: CCI increased its preservation advisory services capacity through the addition of two preservation development advisors. In addition, two new directors were hired to join the CCI Executive team.

• The Director of Corporate Services and Real Property has 24 years of experience in the public service during which she has dealt with finances, human resources, administration, material management and contracting, information management, and information technology.
• The Director of Client Relations and Professional Development has a strong background in marketing, business development, public relations, and traditional and Web-based communications. She has an MBA in International Business.

KUDOS CORNER

CCI Notes are one of my staple helps when explaining collection care matters to museum stewards and volunteers (…) – it's brilliant that they are available online.
Conservation Development Officer Museum, United Kingdom

I am delighted with and grateful for the magazine REFLECTIONS on Conservation 2010. I find it useful for my professional development, as do my colleagues.
Curator, Peru

PARTNERSHIPS
Performance in 2009–2010

Centre de Conservation du Québec: The Centre de conservation du Québec (CCQ) and CCI have worked in partnership for a long time to deliver conservation training in Québec. In 2009–2010, the partnership expanded to include a survey of selected collections of photographic negatives in various Quebec archives. Conservators and scientists from CCQ and CCI worked together to identify the size and condition of collections of unstable cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate film, and their risk of loss. A survey method was established, and non-destructive infrared spectroscopy analysis was done on-site. On the basis of the survey results, the size and urgency of the preservation challenges was determined and storage, preservation, and treatment strategies provided to the custodians of these important historical collections. A publication on this topic (Preservation of Flexible Photographic Film Bases-Identification, Survey, Storage and Handling, Long Term Care) is planned for the future.

International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) / Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN): CCI renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with ICCROM and ICN on risk-based decision making. As part of the MOU, a CCI conservation scientist and a preservation advisor assisted in the delivery of the 3-week course Reducing Risks to Collections in Beijing, China. The course presented a practical method of risk assessment of collections in museums and archives. The MOU sets out three main collaborative activities for the period 2010–2011:

• CCI is leading the development of a guide for Collection Risk Management (the guide will be posted on the CCI website).
• ICCROM is responsible for the development of a new international training approach based on the guide and including a distance learning component.
• ICN will coordinate an event to discuss the results of the collaborative efforts.

WORK WITH ABORIGINAL ARTIFACTS
Performance in 2009–2010

CCI contributed to the preservation of Aboriginal heritage through projects in partnership with other heritage institutions and Aboriginal communities.

• Scientists and conservators travelled to Nan Sdins, Haida Gwaii, Queen Charlotte Islands to record the condition of the in situ totem poles. This was a follow-up to an earlier visit in the 1980s. The resulting report contributes to Parks Canada's reporting on this World Heritage Site.

• A scientist worked with Library and Archives Canada (LAC) to establish the physical condition of some original signed treaties between the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and the Canadian government. LAC holds treaties dating from the 1700s to the 20th century in its collections, and is a key archive for Aboriginal land claims processes of today. The goal of CCI's work was to provide preventive conservation measures for historic materials comprising parchment and iron gall ink and enable monitoring of future changes.

• A scientist assisted the Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in First Nation, in Dawson City, Yukon with the preservation of a pictograph site by analysing samples to identify image-forming materials and characterize any mineral accretions.

• An object conservator completed treatment ofthe Yaxwiwe Forehead Frontlet for the U'mista Cultural Centre in Alert Bay, British Columbia. The frontlet has a remarkable history: initially confiscated in 1921 by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police during a potlatch, it was later acquired by a surrealist artist in Paris, France. In 2002, the artist's daughter repatriated it to the U'mista Cultural Centre.

• Paper conservators completed work on an 1863 Haldimand County map for the Haldimand County Museum and Archives, Cayuga, Ontario. The map has special meaning for representatives of Haudenosaunee Six Nations and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada as it contains information related to an ongoing land claim process in Caledonia.
  

Financial Statement for 2009–2010

Revenues

Appropriation Transfer of custody of real property to PCH-CCI Vote-netted revenue1 Internal transfers for CCI operations Crown asset funds		8,233,862 2,529,697 500,000 70,681 146,808
Total – Operating budget		11,481,048
Earned revenues
Publications and library services Conservation and scientific services Exhibit Transportation Services (ETS)2	67,361 247,680 3,043
Total – Earned revenues		318,084
Total – Operating budget and earned revenues		11,799,132

Expenditures

Salaries Custodian costs3 Operating costs – CCI4	2,545,880  578,254	6,659,760
Total – Operating costs		4,380,531
Total – Expenditures		11,040,291
Refund – Vote-netted revenue		500,000
Total expenditures and refund of vote-netted revenue		11,540,291
Subtotal		258,841
Crown asset transfer to Fiscal Year 2010–20115		(4,464)
Total balance		254,377